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ParabacteroidesRANK: GenusTAXONOMY: Bacteria -> Bacteroidetes/Chlorobi group -> Bacteroidetes -> Bacteroidia -> Bacteroidales -> Porphyromonadaceae -> Parabacteroides OVERVIEW: Parabacteroides help us digest healthful, high-fiber diets that we cannot otherwise process, and their levels are enriched in the presence of these resistant starches. Starting from our mouths and culminating in our stools, these bugs are found throughout our digestive tracts but predominate in our guts. Commensal bacteria have been shown to modulate the host mucosal immune system. Here, we report that oral treatment of BALB/c mice with components from the commensal, Parabacteroides distasonis, significantly reduces the severity of intestinal inflammation in murine models of acute and chronic colitis induced by dextran sulphate sodium (DSS). The membranous fraction of P. distasonis (mPd) prevented DSS-induced increases in several proinflammatory cytokines, increased mPd-specific serum antibodies and stabilized the intestinal microbial ecology. The anti-colitic effect of oral mPd was not observed in severe combined immunodeficient mice and probably involved induction of specific antibody responses and stabilization of the intestinal microbiota. Our results suggest that specific bacterial components derived from the commensal bacterium, P. distasonis, may be useful in the development of new therapeutic strategies for chronic inflammatory disorders such as inflammatory bowel disease. This genus contains microbial species that can reside in the human gastrointestinal tract. [PMC 4262072] Parabacteroides Is enhanced by a ketogenic diet in mice, and bacterial cross-feeding decreases gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase activity: inhibiting gamma-glutamylation promotes seizure protection in vivo. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2018.04.027 In a study of patients with IBS, presence of SNP 15Phe in the SI gene resulting in reduced enzyme activity correlated with stool frequency and Parabacteroides faecal microbiota abundance. [PMID: 27872184]
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