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OscillibacterRANK: GenusTAXONOMY: Bacteria -> Terrabacteria group -> Firmicutes -> Clostridia -> Clostridiales -> Oscillospiraceae -> Oscillibacter OVERVIEW: Cells are irregular rods (0.5 × 1.0–2.0 µm). Gram-stain-positive, not acid-fast. Endospores are not formed. Nonmotile. Aerobic to anaerobic. Good growth on complex organic media at 28–30°C. NaCl in the culture medium may be tolerated up to 10%. Oxidase-negative, catalase-positive. The peptidoglycan type is A4α with an l-Ser residue at position 1 of the peptide subunit. The acyl type is acetyl. The major cell wall sugar is galactose. The predominant menaquinone is MK-8(H4). The major polar lipids consist of phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylglycerol. The cellular fatty acid profile is dominated by the occurrence of iso- and anteiso-branched-chain acids. Mycolic acids are absent. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities, the genus is closely related to other genera of the family Beutenbergiaceae (95.1–96.3%).The genus Oscillibacter has been known since 2007, but no association to human infection has been reported. Here, we present four cases of Oscillibacter ruminantium bacteremia from hospitals across Denmark from 2001 to 2010. Correct identification is now possible, as the 16S rRNA gene sequence was recently made publicly available.[ PMID: 24501034 ]Participants with asymptomatic atherosclerosis did not exhibit an obvious change in gut microbiota and blood TMAO levels; however, stroke and transient ischemic attack patients showed significant dysbiosis of the gut microbiota, and their blood TMAO levels were decreased. Stroke and transient ischemic attack patients had more opportunistic pathogens, such as Enterobacter, Megasphaera, Oscillibacter, and Desulfovibrio, and fewer commensal or beneficial genera including Bacteroides, Prevotella, and Faecalibacterium. This dysbiosis was correlated with the severity of the disease. The TMAO level in the stroke and transient ischemic attack patients was significantly lower, rather than higher, than that of the asymptomatic group. [PMID: 26597155] This genus contains microbial species that can reside in the human gastrointestinal tract. [PMC 4262072]
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