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HyphomonasRANK: GenusTAXONOMY: cellular organisms -> Bacteria -> Proteobacteria -> Alphaproteobacteria -> Rhodobacterales -> Hyphomonadaceae -> Hyphomonas OVERVIEW: Rod-shaped to oval mature cells measure 0.5–1.0 × 1.0–3.0 µm and may become larger and rounder just prior to bud formation. Unicellular. Cell division occurs by budding. Buds are produced at tips of single polar prosthecae, which are 0.2–0.3 µm in diameter and 1–5 times the length of the cell body. Prosthecae are nonseptate and rarely branch under normal growth conditions. Pleomorphic. Hyphomonas spp. have a biphasic life cycle and normally generate only a single polar prostheca (hypha). Young daughter cells (i.e., newly formed buds) are oval to pear shaped, lack prosthecae, and are smaller than the mother cell. Motile by means of a single polar to lateral flagellum located on developing buds or young daughter cells. Gram negative. Not acid-fast. Aerobic. Nonsporeforming. Chemooganotrophic. Hyphomonas spp. catabolize amino acids or tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates for energy and growth. All strains investigated thus far are catalase positive, oxidase positive, nonproteolytic, nonsaccharolytic, and nonpathogenic. Gelatin and starch not hydrolyzed; no indole from tryptophan; no DNase, ornithine decarboxylase, lysine decarboxylase, or coagulase activity. With one exception, all species denitrify. Amino acids are required for heterotrophic growth. Optimal temperature for growth ranges from 22 to 37°C at one atmosphere of pressure. Prefer slightly alkaline conditions for growth. All strains were isolated from marine sources.The mol% G + C of the DNA is: 57–64.Type species: Hyphomonas polymorpha |