Datapunk Opus23 | Xanthobacter

Xanthobacter

RANK: Genus

TAXONOMY: cellular organisms -> Bacteria -> Proteobacteria -> Alphaproteobacteria -> Rhizobiales -> Xanthobacteraceae -> Xanthobacter

OVERVIEW:

Cells are rod shaped, sometimes twisted, 0.4–1.0 × 0.8–6.0 µm. Pleomorphic cells are produced on media containing tricarboxylic cycle-intermediates (especially succinate), whereas coccoid cells as well as cells up to 10 µm long are produced on media containing an alcohol as the sole carbon source. Refractile (polyphosphate) and lipid (poly-β-hydroxybutyrate) bodies are evenly distributed in the cells. Resting stages are unknown. Key sporulation genes are absent. Depending on the species and growth conditions, the cells are nonmotile or motile (by peritrichous flagella). The Gram reaction frequently appears falsely to be positive or variable due to polyphosphate granules; however, ultrastructurally and biochemically, the cell wall is of the negative Gram-type.1 Aerobic, having a strictly respiratory type of metabolism with oxygen as the terminal electron acceptor. Optimal temperature, 25–30°C. Optimal pH, 5.8–9.0. Colonies are opaque and slimy (although “slimeless” strains exist) and are yellow due to a water-insoluble carotenoid pigment (zeaxanthin dirhamnoside). The color intensity depends on the amount of slime produced by individual strains. Catalase positive. All strains can grow chemolithoautotrophically in mineral media under an atmosphere of H2, O2, and CO2 (7:2:1, v/v) as well as chemoorganoheterotrophically on methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, n-butanol, and various organic acids as sole carbon sources. The carbohydrate utilization spectrum is limited, and neither volatile/ nonvolatile fatty acids nor gas is produced from carbohydrates such as fructose, glucose, or mannose. Some strains require vitamins. Some strains can utilize substituted thiophenes as sole carbon, energy, and sulfur sources. When degrading aliphatic epoxides, tested strains contain coenzyme M, which otherwise is a typical coenzyme of the obligate anaerobic methanogenic archaea. N2 is fixed in nitrogen-deficient media under heterotrophic or chemolithoautotrophic growth conditions, but by most strains only under a decreased O2 pressure. The bacteria occur free-living in freshwater (mainly X. agilis), wet soil containing decaying organic material (X. autotrophicus, X. flavus), marine sediments (X. flavus), compost of root balls of Tagetes (thiophenutilizing X. tagetidis), and associated with the roots of plants including wetland rice (X. flavus). Xanthobacter can be regarded an associative N2-fixing bacterium (rice, tagetis, coconut palm). The induction of root or stem nodules has not been observed. 16S rDNA sequence analysis places the members into the class Alphaproteobacteria; however, the presently recognized species of Xanthobacter are intermixed with the single-species genera Aquabacter and Azorhizobium, and together they form a distinct cluster.The mol% G + C of the DNA is: 65–70 (Tm) and 66–68 (Bd).Type species: Xanthobacter autotrophicus

TAGS

Keystone	Core species	Type species	Pathogen	Dysbiosis associated	Flora/ commensal	Gut associated	Probiotic
Leanness	Obesity	Skin microbiome	Fecal distribution	Oral microbiome	Vaginal microbiome	Butyrate producer	Catalase producer
Histamine producer	Food fermenter	Amylolytic	Propionate producer	Nitrifying

DESCENDANTS Xanthobacter agilis Xanthobacter aminoxidans Xanthobacter autotrophicus Xanthobacter flavus Xanthobacter polyaromaticivorans Xanthobacter sp. Xanthobacter tagetidis Xanthobacter viscosus Xanthobacter xylophilus environmental samples	INTERACTIONS	KEGG PATHWAYS 2-Oxocarboxylic acid metabolism ABC transporters Acarbose and validamycin biosynthesis Alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism Amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism Aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis Aminobenzoate degradation Arachidonic acid metabolism Arginine and proline metabolism Arginine biosynthesis Ascorbate and aldarate metabolism Atrazine degradation Bacterial secretion system Base excision repair Benzoate degradation Biosynthesis of amino acids Biosynthesis of antibiotics Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites Biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids Biotin metabolism Butanoate metabolism C5-Branched dibasic acid metabolism Caprolactam degradation Carbapenem biosynthesis Carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms Carbon metabolism Carotenoid biosynthesis Cationic antimicrobial peptide (CAMP) resistance Chloroalkane and chloroalkene degradation Chlorocyclohexane and chlorobenzene degradation Citrate cycle (TCA cycle) Cyanoamino acid metabolism Cysteine and methionine metabolism D-Alanine metabolism D-Arginine and D-ornithine metabolism D-Glutamine and D-glutamate metabolism DNA replication Degradation of aromatic compounds Dioxin degradation Fatty acid biosynthesis Fatty acid degradation Fatty acid metabolism Fluorobenzoate degradation Folate biosynthesis Fructose and mannose metabolism Galactose metabolism Geraniol degradation Glutathione metabolism Glycerolipid metabolism Glycerophospholipid metabolism Glycine, serine and threonine metabolism Glycolysis / Gluconeogenesis Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism Histidine metabolism Homologous recombination Inositol phosphate metabolism Limonene and pinene degradation Lipoic acid metabolism Lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis Lysine biosynthesis Lysine degradation Metabolic pathways Methane metabolism Microbial metabolism in diverse environments Mismatch repair Monobactam biosynthesis Naphthalene degradation Nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism Nitrogen metabolism Nitrotoluene degradation Non-homologous end-joining Novobiocin biosynthesis Nucleotide excision repair One carbon pool by folate Oxidative phosphorylation Pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis Pentose and glucuronate interconversions Pentose phosphate pathway Peptidoglycan biosynthesis Phenazine biosynthesis Phenylalanine metabolism Phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis Phosphonate and phosphinate metabolism Phosphotransferase system (PTS) Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon degradation Polyketide sugar unit biosynthesis Porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism Propanoate metabolism Protein export Purine metabolism Pyrimidine metabolism Pyruvate metabolism Quorum sensing00253 RNA degradation RNA polymerase Riboflavin metabolism Ribosome Secondary bile acid biosynthesis Selenocompound metabolism Starch and sucrose metabolism Steroid degradation Streptomycin biosynthesis Styrene degradation Sulfur metabolism Sulfur relay system Synthesis and degradation of ketone bodies Taurine and hypotaurine metabolism Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis Thiamine metabolism Toluene degradation Tryptophan metabolism Two-component system Tyrosine metabolism Ubiquinone and other terpenoid-quinone biosynthesis Valine, leucine and isoleucine biosynthesis Valine, leucine and isoleucine degradation Vancomycin resistance Vitamin B6 metabolism Xylene degradation alpha-Linolenic acid metabolism beta-Alanine metabolism beta-Lactam resistance CLUSTERS WITH	METABOLOMICS NUTRIENTS/ SUBSTRATES ENDPRODUCTS INHIBITED BY ENHANCED BY BIOTRANSFORMS BIOTRANFORM
ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE	BIOFILM FORMERS	COGEM PATHOGENICITY Xanthobacter autotrophicus (1)

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