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Abiotrophia defectivaRANK: SpeciesTAXONOMY: Terrabacteria group -> Firmicutes -> Bacilli -> Lactobacillales -> Aerococcaceae -> Abiotrophia -> Abiotrophia defectiva OVERVIEW: Abiotrophia defectiva was originally named Streptococcus defectivus [6]. Fastidious streptococci that grew as satellite colonies around other microorganisms or in complex media enriched with cysteine were originally described as nutritionally variant streptococci (NVS) by Frenkel and Hirsch [7]. Kawamura et al. recognized that S. defectivus and other NVS were not members of the genus Streptococcus and created the genus Abiotrophia [1] Requires 10 mg/l pyrixoxal hydrochloride or 100 mg/l L-cysteine for growth [1]Abiotrophia defectiva is a common member of the human oral cavity, pharynx, intestine and urogenital tracts. In a study examining the normal microflora of the oral cavity it was recovered from buccal, hard palate, tooth surface and subgingival sites [3]. In a study of microbial risk indicators of early childhood caries, Abiotrophia defectiva was significantly more abundant in caries free vs caries active subjects [4]. The organism has also been associated with bacterial endocarditis [2,5]Identified as a constituent of the oral microbiome by Human Oral Microbiome Database. This species has been identified as a resident in the human gastrointestinal tract based on the phylogenetic framework of its small subunit ribosomal RNA gene sequences.[PMC 4262072] |