Datapunk Opus23 | Akkermansia

Akkermansia

RANK: Genus

TAXONOMY: Bacteria -> PVC group -> Verrucomicrobia -> Verrucomicrobiae -> Verrucomicrobiales -> Akkermansiaceae -> Akkermansia

OVERVIEW:

'Akkermansia' is a genus in the phylum Verrucomicrobia (Bacteria). The genus was first proposed in 2004 by Muriel Derrien and others, with the type species Akkermansia muciniphila (gen. nov., sp. nov). Akkermansia is another leanness building microbe. Scientists give it to fat mice and it alters their body fat composition, decreases body fat, improves blood sugars, lowers LPS and endotoxemia, reduces several inflammatory markers, decreases liver function tests, fixes faulty intestinal permeability, increases HDL cholesterol, decreases TGs, and even improves the signs and symptoms of fatty liver/NASH (non-alcoholic steatosis hepatitis). Like Christensenella it is find in abundance in lean, non-diabetic subjects. Those with diabetes have low amounts. Weight loss and administration of the insulin sensitizing drug metformin appears to raise Akkermansia. Elite rugby players on the Irish national team who eat a 'clean', whole food, high protein diet have elevated levels of Akk. Cranberry extract which is high in polyphenols, and other flavonoid-rich foods, including green and black teas raise Akk levels. Oval-shaped cells, occurring singly, in pairs, and rarely in chains, about 0.6 µm × 0.7 µm. Gram-stain-negative. Nonmotile. Strictly anaerobic. Colonies are distinct, whitish in color, and reach maximum size on 0.75% agar plates after 6 d of incubation. Cells grow optimally at 37°C and pH 6.5. Growth is chemoorganotrophic and restricted to a small number of sugars. Acetate, propionate, and ethanol are the major fermentation products from mucin. Mucolytic in pure culture.DNA G+C content (mol%): 47.6. Type species: Akkermansia muciniphila

This genus contains microbial species that can reside in the human gastrointestinal tract. [PMC 4262072] Decreased metabolic disorders.

Akkermansia Is enhanced by a ketogenic diet in mice, and bacterial cross-feeding decreases gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase activity: inhibiting gamma-glutamylation promotes seizure protection in vivo. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2018.04.027

Microbial Abundance Data: Akkermansia (Percent of total population with standard deviation [PMID: 22698087])
Group 1				Group 2					Group 3			Group 4
Group 1 Avg	Buccal Mucosa	Keratinized Gingiva	Hard Palate	Group 2 Avg	Throat	Throat	Tonsils	Saliva	Group 3 Avg	Supragingival Plaque	Subgingival Plaque	Stool
0.000 % (0.003)	0.000 % (0.003)	0.000 % (0.001)	0.001 % (0.006)	0.000 % (0.002)	0.000 % (0.000)	0.000 % (0.001)	0.000 % (0.001)	0.001 % (0.006)	0.000 % (0.000)	0.000 % (0.000)	0.000 % (0.000)	0.437 % (1.763)

TAGS

Keystone	Core species	Type species	Pathogen	Dysbiosis associated	Flora/ commensal	Gut associated	Probiotic
Leanness	Obesity	Skin microbiome	Fecal distribution	Oral microbiome	Vaginal microbiome	Butyrate producer	Catalase producer
Histamine producer	Food fermenter	Amylolytic	Propionate producer	Nitrifying

DESCENDANTS Akkermansia muciniphila environmental samples	INTERACTIONS ENHANCES Bacteroidales Bacteroides Odoribacter Peptococcaceae INHIBITS Peptoclostridium Bifidobacterium Coriobacteriales Adlercreutzia Collinsella Porphyromonas Prevotella Clostridium Clostridiales incertae sedis Clostridiales Family XIII. Incertae Sedis Blautia Coprococcus Dorea Lachnospiraceae Ruminococcaceae Ruminococcus Dialister Campylobacteraceae Erysipelotrichaceae	KEGG PATHWAYS 2-Oxocarboxylic acid metabolism ABC transporters Alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism Amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism Aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis Arginine and proline metabolism Arginine biosynthesis Bacterial secretion system Base excision repair Biosynthesis of amino acids Biosynthesis of antibiotics Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites Biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids Biotin metabolism Butanoate metabolism C5-Branched dibasic acid metabolism Carbapenem biosynthesis Carbon metabolism Carotenoid biosynthesis Cationic antimicrobial peptide (CAMP) resistance Chloroalkane and chloroalkene degradation Citrate cycle (TCA cycle) Cysteine and methionine metabolism D-Alanine metabolism D-Glutamine and D-glutamate metabolism DNA replication Degradation of aromatic compounds Fatty acid biosynthesis Fatty acid degradation Fatty acid metabolism Folate biosynthesis Fructose and mannose metabolism Galactose metabolism Glycerolipid metabolism Glycerophospholipid metabolism Glycine, serine and threonine metabolism Glycolysis / Gluconeogenesis Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism Histidine metabolism Homologous recombination Inositol phosphate metabolism Insulin resistance Lipoic acid metabolism Lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis Lysine biosynthesis Lysine degradation Metabolic pathways Methane metabolism Microbial metabolism in diverse environments Mismatch repair Monobactam biosynthesis Naphthalene degradation Nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism Nitrogen metabolism Nitrotoluene degradation Novobiocin biosynthesis Nucleotide excision repair One carbon pool by folate Other glycan degradation Oxidative phosphorylation Pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis Pentose and glucuronate interconversions Pentose phosphate pathway Peptidoglycan biosynthesis Phenylalanine metabolism Phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis Phosphonate and phosphinate metabolism Phosphotransferase system (PTS) Polyketide sugar unit biosynthesis Porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism Propanoate metabolism Protein export Purine metabolism Pyrimidine metabolism Pyruvate metabolism RNA degradation RNA polymerase Riboflavin metabolism Ribosome Selenocompound metabolism Sesquiterpenoid and triterpenoid biosynthesis Sphingolipid metabolism Starch and sucrose metabolism Steroid biosynthesis Streptomycin biosynthesis Sulfur metabolism Sulfur relay system Taurine and hypotaurine metabolism Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis Thiamine metabolism Tryptophan metabolism Two-component system Tyrosine metabolism Ubiquinone and other terpenoid-quinone biosynthesis Valine, leucine and isoleucine biosynthesis Valine, leucine and isoleucine degradation Vancomycin resistance Vitamin B6 metabolism beta-Alanine metabolism beta-Lactam resistance CLUSTERS WITH	METABOLOMICS NUTRIENTS/ SUBSTRATES Polyphenol Mucins ENDPRODUCTS Sialic acid N-Acetyl-D-glucosamine D-Galactose Propionate Fucose N-Acetyl-D-galactosamine INHIBITED BY Resistant starch (type IV) High fat diet Flaxseed Omega 3 fatty acids ENHANCED BY Fasting Grapes (table) Heme Melatonin Lingonberries Low processed foods diet Kiwi Fruit Ketogenic diet Resveratrol Metformin Green tea Rhubarb Cranberry bean flour Daesiho-tang (DSHT) Quercetin w. Resveratrol Berberine High protein diet Pomegranate ellagitannins Cranberry polyphenols BIOTRANSFORMS BIOTRANFORM
ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE	BIOFILM FORMERS	COGEM PATHOGENICITY

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