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YersiniaRANK: GenusTAXONOMY: cellular organisms -> Bacteria -> Proteobacteria -> Gammaproteobacteria -> Enterobacteriales -> Enterobacteriaceae -> Yersinia OVERVIEW: Yersinia;genus Yersinia-belonging to family Enterobacteriaceae;Yersinia-like species-found in environment such as water;Yersinia, aerobic and facultatively anaerobic-oxidative and fermentative;genetic mechanisms of Yersinia-similar to those of Escherichia coli;clinical disease and immune response;first-line therapy for treatment of plague;restriction endonuclease digestion of plasmid (REAP) or restriction endonuclease digestion of chromosomal (REAC) DNA, Straight rods to coccobacilli, 0.5–0.8 × 1–3 µm. Endospores are not formed. Capsules are not present, but an envelope occurs in Y. pestis strains grown at 37°C and in cells from clinical sources. Gram negative, nonmotile at 37°C, but motile with peritrichous flagella when grown below 30°C, except for Y. pestis, which is always nonmotile. Growth occurs on ordinary bacteriological media. Colonies of yersiniae are translucent to opaque, 0.1–1.0 mm in diameter after 24 h. Optimum growth temperature, 28–29°C. Facultatively anaerobic, having both a respiratory and a fermentative type of metabolism. Oxidase negative. Catalase positive. Nitrate is reduced to nitrite with a few exceptions in specific biovars. d-glucose and other carbohydrates are fermented with acid production but little or no gas. Phenotypic characteristics are often temperature dependent, and usually more characteristics are expressed by cultures incubated at 25–29°C than at 35–37°C. The enterobacterial common antigen is present in all species investigated. Widely distributed in nature with some species adapted to specific animal hosts and humans. Several species are pathogenic for humans and animals including Y. pestis, the causative agent of plague. A significant cause of food-borne and waterborne disease. Belongs to the Gammaproteobacteria.The mol% G + C of the DNA is: 46–50.Type species: Yersinia pestis This genus contains microbial species that can reside in the human gastrointestinal tract. [PMC 4262072]
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